How to Identify and Preserve Artifacts Found With a Metal Detector

Metal detecting is an increasingly popular hobby that allows enthusiasts to discover historical artifacts buried beneath the surface. Identifying and preserving these artifacts is paramount not only for personal satisfaction but also for the sake of history. This article offers a comprehensive guide on how to effectively identify and preserve artifacts found with a metal detector, including practical steps, real-world examples, and important dos and don’ts.

Understanding the Basics of Metal Detecting

Before delving into artifact identification and preservation, its important to understand how metal detectors work. function by sending an electromagnetic field into the ground, which detects metal objects when the field is disrupted. Hobbyists often use various types of detectors, ranging from basic to high-end models with advanced technology.

Initial Field Identification

Identifying an artifact upon discovery begins in the field. The initial reaction should consider several factors:

Type of Item: Is it a coin, tool, or decorative piece?
Material Composition: Is it made of gold, silver, copper, or another metal?
Context: What is the location? Hotspots include old battlefields, homesteads, or abandoned industrial sites.

For example, in the case of metal detecting at a historical site, the context can significantly impact the interpretation of the artifact. A metal button recovered from a Civil War battlefield will have a different significance than a modern pull tab found in a park.

Using Technology to Aid Identification

Also to visual inspection, technology can be a helpful ally in identifying artifacts. Common resources include:

Online Databases: Websites like the Portable Antiquities Scheme provide access to thousands of recorded finds.
Mobile Apps: Applications such as Detecting offer features that help users identify coins and relics.
Community Forums: Engaging with communities on social media platforms can provide additional insights and experience sharing.

For example, the American Numismatic Associations database can help collectors identify and date coins found, providing details on historical context and rarity.

Preservation Techniques for Artifacts

Once artifacts have been identified, preservation is crucial to maintaining their integrity. The method of preservation depends on the artifact’s material composition. Here are general guidelines:

Cleaning: Avoid harsh chemicals. For metal artifacts, a gentle toothbrush and distilled water can be effective. Avoid scrubbing too hard to prevent surface scratching.
Storage: Use acid-free containers for delicate items, ensuring they are kept in a stable environment, away from sunlight and moisture.
Record Keeping: Document the details of each find, including location, depth, and context. Using a notebook or digital format can enhance this process.

Consider a case study of a hobbyist who found a Roman coin in England. The individual carefully noted the location and condition of the find, gently cleaned it using distilled water, and recorded all details about the area and time of the find. This diligence resulted in the coin being later recognized and appreciated by historians.

Legal and Ethical Considerations

Understanding the legalities surrounding artifact hunting is crucial. Laws vary significantly by region, and it is often illegal to disturb historical sites without permission. In many cases, found items must be reported to local authorities or archaeological groups, especially if discovered on public land or historical sites.

Know Local Laws: Be aware of treasure trove laws in your area.
Seek Permissions: Verify landowner permissions if hunting on private property.
Report Significant Finds: In some jurisdictions, specific laws require you to report significant archaeological finds.

For example, in the UK, the Treasure Act of 1996 mandates that any find over a certain age or value be reported, or else it may be considered unlawful appropriation of artifacts.

Final Thoughts and Actionable Takeaways

Discovering artifacts with a metal detector can be an exciting and rewarding experience. But, identifying and preserving these artifacts responsibly enhances the significance of each find and contributes to the broader understanding of history.

Engage with the Community: Participate in forums and local clubs to share knowledge and experiences.
Continuous Learning: Take courses on artifact preservation and identification, which can provide deeper insights.
Be Responsible: Always respect legal frameworks and ethical guidelines while exploring.

By following these practices, metal detector enthusiasts can ensure that their discoveries are preserved for future generations to appreciate and learn from.